Graffiti and Popular Culture Essay

The treatment of mainstream society is normally dichotomized by the differentiation of its being well known in light of the fact that it is disparaged by the best number of a society’s populace and by its being famous due to its expansion to support the high society of the general public which extraordinarily uses it as a ground-breaking component of oppression. Sociologists are isolated between inverse perspectives. In any case, mainstream society doesn't generally dwell on the contrary energies. It tends to be additionally seen as something that is between the declared responsibility for masses and the amazing instrument of scarcely any incredible people. In like manner, mainstream society is a rationalistic procedure achieved by the requirement of it from above of the cultural structure to the obtaining of it from underneath the cultural structure. This case is profoundly bolstered by Hall in calling attention to that mainstream society is really a twofold headway of restriction and resistance. While powers from above of the general public are utilizing mainstream society as an instrument of concealment, it is additionally an instrument of battle for the lower powers of the general public. In the undertaking of finding mainstream society as an argumentative procedure, it is an advantageous undertaking to initially characterize the well known and social part of mainstream society. The standard definition must be first talked about. After will be the elaboration of Hall’s observation with respect to the mainstream society. At long last, a model on the down to earth use of Hall’s see with respect to mainstream society must be provided. As Raymond Williams expressed, the word well known is really gotten from the word â€Å"popularis†, a Latin word which implies â€Å"belonging to the people†. In the early presentation of the word mainstream, it is regularly used to ascribe to the implication of things with respect to the â€Å"most known† and â€Å"the most common†. Likewise it alludes to the â€Å"most favored†. Sooner or later of the early on utilization of the word, it has laid on alluding to lack of bias. Nonetheless, the most well-known meaning of the word mainstream up to the here and now is as yet alluding to the â€Å"most familiar†. This definition has leaded the path to the attribution of the word mainstream to most noteworthy number of individuals in many social orders, which fundamentally makes the lower layer out of social orders. It is on the grounds that individuals in the least layer of the general public are commonly the best constituent of social orders. In this manner, the term famous is credited to the biggest piece of the number of inhabitants in a general public, which is mostly the majority. In describing the importance of the word â€Å"culture†, it is an inescapable undertaking to dig into the plans and images of cultural structures which incorporate conventions, customs, normal feelings, and leftovers that speaks to the historical backdrop of constituents of a general public. The exchange of these plans and images of cultural structure from age to age is likewise a significant component of the importance of the word â€Å"culture† Anthropologists are comparative with the previously mentioned meaning of culture. This definition is really considered as the most regular meaning of culture: So, I don't get our meaning by culture? A genuinely commonplace view, both in like manner language and in the manner in which anthropologists have moved toward their work, considers culture to be a mutual assortment of exceptionally, repeated through time that makes social orders unmistakable. It appears that there is a conviction in the meaning of culture. Be that as it may, the meaning of culture isn't constantly seen as something that is perpetual and fixed. Its definition is additionally seen as something that is changing relying upon the specific situation and reference. Finding from the for the most part recognized meaning of mainstream society, the well known perspective and social part of the meaning of mainstream society can be produced. Mainstream society is then cited on the grounds that it indicates the ubiquity of a culture which speaks to images, customs, conventions and convictions in a general public. Therefore, mainstream society likewise epitomizes the attributes, characteristics, and highlights of a specific or a general prevalent thinking, custom, convention, article, or thought. Mainstream society is famous on the grounds that it is possessed by the masses. It is the most available and unavoidable kind of culture. This is so in light of the fact that it rises above hindrances. At certain occasions even the monetary part of life is crossed by prevalence of mainstream society. The fame of mainstream society goes past race, ethnicity, and age, area of living arrangement, nation, sexuality and sex. Mainstream society obliges the biggest number of individuals that it can cook. However much as could reasonably be expected the accessibility of a type of mainstream society is reached out to bunch varieties of social classes. To accomplish the augmentation of mainstream society, results of it is produced and made so that it is socially unbiased. This lone implies that results of mainstream society are not slanted in any side of the range of social classes. Any individual who devours or bolster any type of mainstream society is relied upon to intently relate the result of mainstream society as a part of their character. This connection incredibly concerns the social tendency of the individual. In this way, results of mainstream society are relied upon to be possessed by everybody independent of sex, sexuality, age, nationality, and ethnicity. Despite the fact that, fame rises above the hindrance of social inclination and prejudice, prominence additionally makes ready for the correspondence of a mainstream society to a particular social inclining. Each social class, for example, sex, sexuality, age, ethnicity, or nationality make and gadget a one of a kind and exceptional style of offering importance to the experience of mainstream society. Each social classification glace at various points in considering and encountering mainstream society. In model, sexual orientation makes a distinctive way of the experience of mainstream society. It concerns the interchange of the manliness, womanliness and androgyny of the experience of a specific result of mainstream society. In the event of experiencing mainstream society, the manliness, gentility or indiscriminateness of an individual can be illustrated. This is apparent in the horde selections of items that are sold. The item obliging manly male is not quite the same as an item taking into account a ladylike male or manly female or a promiscuous. The thought of mainstream society in the perspective on Hall is commonly worried on the understanding of the entire experience of an item or a mechanism of mainstream society. The significance of the experience doesn't dwell exclusively on the expectation of the maker of a specific item or of the encoder of the importance. It likewise doesn't rely upon the formation of significance of the purchaser of the item or of the encoder of the importance. The source of Hall’s perspectives can be followed back to his conviction that the work of language concerns setting of intensity and establishments. In the utility of language, people become dynamic specialists just as recipient of importance. Thusly people are seen as generators and simultaneously purchasers of culture all the while. For Hall, it is wrong to accept that people as purchaser and generator just ingest the experience of mainstream society without scrutinizing it. Common people playing out the twofold job of being a generator and purchaser have the intensity of producing meaning and encountering meaning. People are dynamic and at same time latent. They are dynamic, since they create significance of the mainstream society experience from their constitution of importance. They are aloof on the grounds that they are the recipient of the experience. Establishments and organizations creating mainstream society have no absolute control of the responses and reactions of people that get the experience. It is certain that they can force and truly force there anticipated that response of people should a specific encounter of mainstream society. In any case, they can't absolutely depend on their desire. This is obvious on the adjustments that are made by these organizations on the improvement of their items and administrations. They have to make adjustments with the goal that their items and administrations by one way or another take into account the overall population. What's more, these adjustments depend on the responses and criticisms of the shoppers. In some quintessence, foundations and organizations of mainstream society creation are additionally beneficiary of the importance forced by buyers on encountering the item and administration of organizations and establishments. The hypothesis of gathering and literary investigation of Hall elucidated the job of the purchaser as a group of people of a book encoded by organizations and firms of mainstream society creation. The possibility of literary examination clarifies that the crowd or the shopper is consistently on the understanding and conflict with the aims of the makers of mainstream society. In model, the importance of a book of an encounter fluctuates from the perspective of the buyer and the maker. While the maker forces the significance by the constraint of the methods of articulation of a book through bundling, the shopper doesn't generally agree to the forced importance of the maker. The buyer makes a recognized significance about their experience. In making this significance, the component of social classes enters the image. The significance is made reliant on which social classification does the shopper has a place. Sexuality, age, race, and monetary force are the components in the formation of significance. Therefore, this making of significance results into either the excusal or acknowledgment of the shopper with respect to the forced importance of the maker of explicit mainstream society item or experience. Hence the importance of the experience rests sooner or later between the maker and the shopper. The translation truly matters and neither the translator which is for this situation the shopper nor the deciphered which is the item or the administration as a type of mainstream society. In this way well known cul

Food Presentation

As we as a whole know, food is basic to our day by day lives since it gives us the vitality and supplements that we need particularly when we set it up right. So our teacher gave us an assignment to set up a dinner (useful for six people) that follows the rules of the Food Pyramid. During our conceptualizing, numerous thoughts came up to our psyches. However, we came to a certain degree that we ought to have rules in picking the correct supper. It ought to be sound, fulfilling, and obviously it won't cost us to an extreme. In the wake of trading thoughts, we at long last concluded that we will have Crab and Corn soup as the starter, Chicken Curry for the principle dish, Saging Con Yelo for the sweet, frosted tea (Apple season) for the beverages and Apple for the side dish. After the conversation, the gathering chief allocated the errand and set the time and spot for the following gathering. I was doled out to set up the rundown of fixings that will be utilized for the cooking. At the point when my gathering mates and I meet once more, everyone was energized particularly me since we will purchase the fixings that we requirement for the food introduction. It’s as of now been quite a while since I last go to a market and I truly don’t realize how to browse what’s new or not and to purchase or not to purchase so I asked my gathering mates to show me the rudiments in purchasing new vegetables, meats and organic products. Fortunately, Florevil knows something about cooking so we didn’t made some hard memories managing it. Since me and a portion of my gathering mates don’t realize how to cook, we are appointed to set up the fixings and ensure everything is prepared. While Florevil is preparing the dinner, I observed each progression of it so I can cook it at our home when my mother isn't anywhere near. As the dinner is nearly done, a portion of my gathering mates arranged the pastry and the side dish, some arranged the table and set it in a respectable manner and some called the visitors who will taste the feast that we arranged. I couldn’t oppose myself to eat when I smelled the Chicken Curry however I need to on the grounds that we should serve the visitors first. Coincidentally, it is my preferred dish After the visitors tasted our supper, they gave us remarks. The food is attractive and the principle dish and the pastry are delectable. Be that as it may, the hors d'oeuvre is excessively salty and didn’t work out positively for the primary dish and pastry. Beneficial thing we had apples as our back up to the salty tidbit we cooked. The introduction finished. We cleaned our chaos and had a last gathering to examine the positive and negative remarks of the visitors. We acknowledged the reactions given by the visitors entire heartedly for us to gain from it and to improve more whenever we will have a movement like this. We can likewise apply the information that we have gained from this movement and use it for what's to come.

Can Benadryl Be Used for Anxiety

Can Benadryl Be Used for Anxiety GAD Treatment Print Can Benadryl Be Used for Anxiety? By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 07, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on August 07, 2019  Getty / Tassii More in GAD Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping In This Article Table of Contents Expand Do They Work? Safety Pros and Cons Supplemental Anxiety Treatment Who Should Use Them? View All Back To Top Can you use Benadryl for anxiety? That might be a question you have if you are living with anxiety and dont like traditional medications or have not yet visited your doctor. Beyond Benadryl, there are also other over-the-counter medications that you might consider using for anxiety. But the question isâ€"are they safe? Do they work? What are the pros and cons? And, can you use them to supplement other treatments you might receive? Lets consider each of these questions below to help you sort through your options in terms of over-the-counter medication for anxiety. Do Over-the-Counter Medications Work for Anxiety? First things firstâ€"youre probably wondering if over-the-counter medications even work for anxiety? In order to consider this question, first, lets consider the different over-the-counter medications that you might use for anxiety because Benadryl is only one of many. Below is a list. antihistamines like diphenhydramine (Benadryl)herbal remedies (e.g., Kava Kava, l-theanine, 5-hydroxy-tryptophan or 5-HTP) passionflower, valerian, lavender, lemon balm, skullcap, chamomilemuscle relaxants, sleep medicationscough syrups, cold medicines, painkillersvitamins and minerals (e.g., B complex, magnesium) Okay, so now you have a list of possible over-the-counter medications for anxiety. Lets consider each one-by-one and what you can expect in terms of effectiveness. Benadryl Antihistamines such as Benadryl are used to manage allergic reactions, but they can also cause sedation as a side effect. This is why some people take Benadryl for anxiety because of the calming and sleep-inducing effects that it can have. However, these effects are less than you would see for prescription sedatives such as benzodiazepines. Benadryl takes about 15 to 30 minutes to start working and its peak effect happens around 2 to 4 hours. An adult dose to obtain sedating effects is between 25 and 50 mg. Herbal Remedies Herbal remedies such as 5-HTP, passionflower, kava, valerian, lavender, lemon balm, skull cap, and chamomile can be beneficial in terms of having calming effects but these are generally mild and not strong enough that they would effectively treat acute anxiety symptoms. For this reason, herbal remedies are best used to help calm down or fall asleep before bed rather than as a first-line defense for intense anxiety. Herbal remedies are generally used in the form of teas, sprays, pills, oils, or tinctures. How Different Supplements Are Used to Treat Social Anxiety Muscle Relaxers/Sleep Medications In addition to the sedating effects of antihistamines, other over-the-counter drugs can induce sedation and drowsiness, most notably those marketed as muscle relaxers or sleep medications. Cough/ Cold/ Painkillers Various painkillers may act on parts of the brain involved in the experience of emotional pain. In fact, one study from the University of British Columbia concluded that over-the-counter medication such as Tylenol had an impact on emotional distress and anxiety triggers Vitamins and Minerals Most people know that vitamins and minerals are important for physical health, but can taking them reduce anxiety? Unfortunately, unless you have a deficiency in a particular vitamin or mineral (determined by your doctor using a blood test), its unlikely that taking vitamin or mineral supplements will reduce your anxiety. That being said, there is no harm in taking a daily multivitamin to support your overall health. Are Over-the-Counter Medications Safe for Treating Anxiety? What about the safety of over-the-counter medications for anxiety? In general, that depends on what you are purchasing. FDA-Approved Medications (e.g., antihistamines, painkillers) Benadryl was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) originally in 1946 and then later changed to an over-the-counter drug. Since it is classed as a medication it is regulated by the FDA. However, its important to realize that most over-the-counter medications that you might take for anxiety such as antihistamines or painkillers are not approved by the FDA for the purpose of alleviating symptoms of anxiety. They arent meant to be taken over the long term to treat anxiety, they do carry risks for side-effects and there is even some potential for abuse. Non-FDA Approved (e.g., supplements) On the other hand, herbal supplements are not regulated in the same way as medications and long-term studies on efficacy and safety are lacking. However, most supplements are safe to use as their effects are mild. For some supplements, such as kava kava, there is concern over serious side effects such as liver damage. For this reason, it is important to be aware of potential side effects of herbal supplements and to contact your doctor if you experience any of these. What Are the Pros and Cons of Over-the-Counter Medications Safe for Anxiety? Below, lets consider some of the pros and cons of taking over-the-counter medications for anxiety. Pros Risk of dependence and withdrawal is less than for prescription sedatives (e.g., benzodiazepines)May aid sleep and relaxationEasy and inexpensive to obtainPotentially useful for short-term episodes of anxietyPotentially useful if you are against taking traditional medications for anxietyMay be helpful to supplement other treatments such as psychotherapy Cons Potential to cause drowsiness during the dayNot effective for severe anxietyNot approved by FDA for treating anxiety or not regulated by FDANot meant for long-term use for anxietyPotential side effects Can You Use Over-the-Counter Medications to Supplement Other Anxiety Treatments? First, lets consider what other types of treatments you might be receiving for anxiety. These might include talk therapy (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and acceptance-based therapy) and traditional medications (e.g., benzodiazepines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). While you can theoretically use over-the-counter medications for anxiety while receiving other treatments, the question is: why are you doing it? If you ask yourself that first, youll be able to determine whether its the best course of action. Are you... Receiving therapy but wary of taking a prescription medication?Taking a prescription medication but wanting something in the short-term to feel better?Using some other alternative treatment and wanting to add in an over-the-counter medication? In the vast majority of cases, you will be better off consulting with your doctor about being prescribed a standard medication for your anxiety instead of taking something over the counter. You should never combine an over-the-counter medication with prescription medication for anxiety without the advice of your doctor, as there is the possibility of medication interaction. That being said, if you are only receiving talk therapy and want a short-term solution to mild anxiety that bothers you mostly at night, then an over-the-counter solution might be helpful. Who Should Use Over-the-Counter Medications for Anxiety? In a study of 690 German pharmacists, they dispensed a large number of over the counter medications for these indications and it was determined that people seeking out over-the-counter treatments for anxiety and depression were more likely to be younger, have a shorter duration of illness, less severe symptoms, and to be skeptical about psychopharmacology. However, the study wondered whether this was a logical or cost-effective solution to these problems. Most people purchasing over-the-counter treatments for anxiety would probably benefit from professional help and talk therapy or prescribed medication. The only exception might be for cases of very mild anxiety that seem to be helped by herbal remedies that help to relax you before sleep. Otherwise, you are probably better off seeking medical attention if its to the point that you are browsing the aisles at the drug store looking for something to stop your anxiety. A Word From Verywell What do you think? Will you try Benadryl for anxiety? Based on what weve reviewed, it seems like the only reasonable situation in which you should take an antihistamine for anxiety is if you need a quick short-term solution to some transient short-term anxiety. On the other hand, if your anxiety is long-standing, severe, or impairing your daily life, you will be much better off seeking the advice of a doctor who can prescribe a medication for which the safety and efficacy have been established. While it may seem easy or fast to run to the drug store and to take an antihistamine or painkiller to knock yourself out every time your anxiety takes hold, there are many risks associated with this practice and the outcome is not likely to be as good as if you received proper help. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Jokes and Word Play The Lighter Side of English

Knock, knock.Whos there?Grammar.Grammar who?Grammar crackers. Gather the kids and suspend your long-preserved maturity: were about to visit the lighter side of the English language. A boy answers the phone. The caller asks, Where are your parents?They aint here!Come on, son. Wheres your grammar?My gramma aint here neither. Shes gone to church!If cant is the contraction for cannot, what is dont short for?  DoughnutWhat does a grammarian call Santas helpers?Subordinate ClausesUse the word hyphenated in a sentence.  There used to be a space between these two words, but there isnt anymore because the hyphen ate it.I dont know a lot about grammar. For example, I get mixed up on lay and lie. The other day, one of my old hens cackled, and I didnt know whether she had laid or lied.(Loyal Jones and Billy Edd Wheeler, More Laughter in Appalachia. August House, 1995)Is there a word in English that uses all the vowels including y?Unquestionably!I am is said to be the shortest sentence in the English language. The longest is I do.A pregnant woman went into labor and began to yell, Couldnt! Wouldnt! Shouldnt! Didnt! Cant!She was having contractions.(Garrison Keillor, A Pr airie Home Companion, February 3, 2007What kind of word would you invite to a fancy tea party?A proper noun.What word allows you to take away two letters and get one in return?  Alone.Whats the longest word in the English language?Smiles: theres a mile between the first and last letters.Or post office: it has the most letters.Or maybe rubber: it stretches.Teacher: Can someone give me a sentence starting with I?Student: I is--Teacher: No. Always say, I am.Student: All right, if you say so. I am the ninth letter of the alphabet.In one of his radio programs, comedian Jack Benny and his guest star Vincent Price were drinking some freshly brewed coffee. After savoring a sip, Benny announced, This is the better coffee I ever tasted.Price snapped, You mean the best coffee!Benny snapped back, Theres only two of us drinking it!(Ken Tucker, Kissing Bill OReilly, Roasting Miss Piggy: 100 Things to Love and Hate About TV. Macmillan, 2005)Which two letters of the alphabet mean nothing?  MT.S t. Peter was standing at the Pearly Gates watching an assistant check in new arrivals. The assistant had a roster and was calling out names as the spirits lined up.James Robertson, he read off, and a fellow said, Im him. Then he read William Bumgarner, and another fellow said, Thats me. Then he read, Gladys Humphreys, and a woman answered, I am she.St. Peter leaned over and whispered to his assistant, Another damn schoolteacher.(Loyal Jones and Billy Edd Wheeler, Curing the Cross-Eyed Mule: Appalachian Mountain Humor. August House, 1989)

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 879 Words

In my opinion, the mentors (Friar Lawrence and the Nurse) are most to blame for the deaths of the young star-crossed lovers, Romeo and Juliet. I think this because of the trust shared between the mentors and lovers, the mentors assumed they could stop the ongoing feud by lying to the parents, and the mentors supported Romeo and Juliet’s decision to wed in secrecy. Firstly, throughout the play both mentors were looked to by the lovers as sources of advice. They were not only greatly trusted by Romeo and Juliet, but also the parents. Friar Lawrence was seen as the man of God so his opinion was highly valued. Had he gone to the parents and explained the relationship between Romeo and Juliet, the parents might have understood since they trusted him greatly. Instead, the Friar betrayed their trust. He could have also been able to persuade Romeo to not marry Juliet a day after they met. In act 2, scene 3, it is evident that Friar Lawrence was taken aback by Romeo’s offer to wed him to Juliet when he says, â€Å"Holy Saint Francis! What a change is here!†. This quotation proves the Friar was shocked by what Romeo had told him. Later on in the scene, the Friar continues to seem dubious, but agrees to marry Romeo and Juliet. Due to his decision to proceed with the marriage, he gives Romeo the impression that it is fine because whatever th e Friar said was right was deemed a good act. Had he not done this, Romeo would have thought twice about his decision to marry Juliet that fast. Since,Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet861 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly shown in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was love at first sight with Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Meeting at a party and falling in love to get married without even spending quality time with each other. Romeo and Juliet couldn t tell there parents because the Capulets and Montagues are long term rivals. Both Romeo and Juliet had to find different ways and excuses to make this marriage work. A big problem was developed. Romeo kills Juliet s cousin and is banishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1770 Words   |  8 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet. The story of two destined lovers who were killed by their own doing. But what if they weren t two destined lovers who got unlucky, but doomed partners that were never going to have a good-life to begin with.William Sha kespeare gives us a view of early signs of gang conflict in the early age of Verona, Italy. He gives us a perspective of the norms and customs of Italy during the Setting of William Shakespeare s most famous story. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1616 Words   |  7 Pageslove can also cause some of life s most controversial battles. These battles could stem from lack of patience, disagreement of moral values, and in some cases, an absence of attraction overall. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the issues that drive Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet s to each of their dreadful misfortunes are inevitable. When it comes to many of Shakespeare s plays, Aristotle s theory is used to describe them as tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is known by many as a tragedyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare oc cupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed lovers. Their loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy that follows the so-called love of two teenagers. The two fall in love at a masked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1279 Words   |  6 Pagesour lives. The great, classic writers teach timeless, valuable life skills. Shakespeare was the greatest writer of all time. His writings mainly consisted of dramas and sonnets. Romeo and Juliet, as well as, A MIdsummer Night’s Dream were written about the same time period. He was able to inter relate everything that wrote. For example, the tale of Pyramus and Thisbe could possibly be an advertisement for Romeo and Juliet. The basic structure of the two dramas is the same; two forbidden lovers meet

Management Principles Market Entry Strategies Report Free Essays

string(42) " or other business topics \(Lane, 2006\)\." Executive Summary This report has been written to seek to explore the management principles, which may be applied by businesses when they seek to enter new international markets. The report shall be split into three parts, which will focus on different elements of this. Firstly, the various market entry strategies, which are available to firms who are intending to become international businesses, shall be briefly described. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Principles: Market Entry Strategies Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Secondly, three market entry strategies shall be discussed (including their definitions, the basic decisions required to implement these and the positive or negative aspects of each of these strategies). Finally, an analysis of a market entry strategy, which has been used by IBM to move their business into China from the United States (U.S.) shall be analysed and discussed. Then a number of conclusions shall be drawn in relation to market entry strategies and how they have been utilised by firms to date. 1. Introduction This report has been written to seek to explore the management principles, which may be applied by businesses when they seek to enter new international markets. The report shall be split into three parts, which will focus on different elements of this. Firstly, the various market entry strategies, which are available to firms who are intending to become international, shall be briefly described. Secondly, three market entry strategies shall be discussed (including their definitions, the basic decisions required to implement these and the positive or negative aspects of each of these strategies). Finally, an analysis of a market entry strategy, which has been used by IBM to move their business into China from the United States shall be analysed and discussed. The first of these topics shall now be briefly discussed. 2. Market entry strategies available for a firm intending to become international. When an organisation has made a decision to enter an overseas market, there is a variety of options open to it (Meyers et al. 2009). These options will be varied depending upon the cost, risk or the degree of control, which can be exercised over them (McDonald, Burton and Dowling, 2002). However, the easiest way which a firm may enter a new market is by using a form of entry strategy derived from exporting (Morsink, 1998). This may be implemented by using either a direct or indirect method such as, an agent or countertrade (Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Swoboda, 2010). However, there are more complex ways through which firms may seek to enter new international markets (Porter, 1980) these may be derived from the undertaking of joint ventures, or export processing zones (Roberts and Hite, 2007). Cunningham (1986) identified five strategies, which have been used by firms when they are seeking to enter foreign markets, these are: Technical innovation strategy. This is when a firm seeks to create an image so that they are perceived to have superior products. Product adaptation strategy – This is when a business modifies an existing product. Availability and security strategy – This is when a firm seek to overcome transport risks by countering perceived risks. Low price strategy – This is when a firm use a low price to penetrate the new market. Total adaptation and conformity strategy – This is when a firm use a foreign producer to manufacture their products (Cunningham, 1986: 9). Therefore, from the above, we can ascertain that there are a number of market entry strategies, which may be used by firms to seek to enter new international markets. In the next section of this report, three of these shall now be discussed in more detail. 3. Three market entry strategies, which firms may use to become international businesses There are three main entry strategies, which may be used by firms to enter international markets. These are direct, indirect or foreign based (Dunning, 1985).Each of these has a number of advantages and disadvantages. For example, a direct strategy involves the sharing of risk and knows, may be only means of entry into an international market or may be source of supply for third country (Dunning, 1985). Each of these is advantageous and may be implemented through an agent, distributor, government or an overseas subsidiary. However, the disadvantages associated with this approach are that partners may not have full control or management within a company, it may be impossible to recover capital, there could be disagreements between purchasers or third parties or partners may have different views on the exported benefits of the goods or services in question (Ferrell and Hartline, 2008). In comparison, indirect approaches involve trading companies, export management companies, piggy backing or countertrading (Glowik and Smyczek, 2011). Furthermore, foreign based market entry strategies enable companies to set up their operations in other countries. So there are a variety of ways in which organisations can enter foreign markets.Three of these methods shall now be outlined in more detail. The first of these is the use of export processing zones. This is often defined as a zone within a country, exempt from tax and duties, for the processing or reprocessing of goods for export (Croft, 1994). This is a foreign market entry strategy, which is derived from the use of licensing, joint venture, contract manufacture or ownership (Griffin, 2008). In order to determine if this is the best approach, a firm will need to ascertain if there is a demand for their product, they will need to identify potential partners and they will need to ascertain if their earnings will be advantageous from adopting this market entry strategy. The advantages of using this approach are that the host country obtains know how, there is capital, technology or employment opportunities created within the country in question, there could be foreign exchange earnings and this helps foreign internationalization is enabled more easily (Gwartney, Stroup, Sobel and MacPherson, 2009). However, the disadva ntages of this approach are that partners do not have full control or management of their business, it may be impossible to recover capital, there could disagreements between parties as they may have different views on exported benefits or other business topics (Lane, 2006). You read "Management Principles: Market Entry Strategies Report" in category "Essay examples" The second approach, which may be used to enter a foreign market, is often based on bartering. Bartering is defined as the direct exchange of one good for another (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008). In order to determine if this is the best approach, a firm will need to ascertain if there is a demand for their product, they will need to identify potential partners with whom they may barter goods and they will need to ascertain if their earnings will be advantageous from adopting this market entry strategy (Schultz, Robinson and Petrison, 1998). The disadvantages of this approach are that it may involve short-term investments, capital or employment movements, transaction costs and benefits, the business is not part of economy so it may be aliened, laws may be different or create more bureaucracy (Smith, 2011). However, they are simple to administer, there is no currency and they are commodity based valuation or currency based valuation, so there are also a number of advantages to adopti ng this approach. The third method, which may be used by firms to enter a foreign market, is referred to as countertrade (Williamson, 1975). Countertrade is when a customer agrees to buy goods on condition that the seller buys some of the customer’s own products in return (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008). In order to determine if this is the best approach, a firm will need to ascertain if there is a demand for their product or a demand for their partners, they will need to identify potential partners from which they make purchases and they will need to ascertain if their earnings will be advantageous from adopting this market entry strategy (Williamson, 1985). The advantages of this are that it is a method of obtaining sales by retaining a seller and it is an effective method of breaking into a closed market. However, the disadvantages are that there may be usage differences or variety differences between products and locations, it is difficult to set a market price and there may be inconsistenc ies in the delivery and specification of the product or service quality (Glowik and Smyczek, 2011). Each of these three market entry strategies may be employed by companies who wish to enter foreign markets. However, what has been interesting is the recent shift in companies moving to China (Hira and Hira, 2008). This shall be discussed using IBM as an example (Highbeam.com, 2005). 4. Analysis of the market entry strategy of IBM to move their business into China from the United States. In recent years, according to Hira and Hira (2008), a number of multi-national companies, which have been based in the United States, have started to move their operations to China. This is sometimes referred to as off shoring. Off shoring is when companies seek to move parts of their operations to other countries. One example of this is the U.S. company named IBM, which is moving their business China. In this scenario, the market entry strategy, which is being adopted by IBM, is based on knowledge transfer and a foreign market entry strategy (Glowik and Smyczek, 2011). Additionally, IBM is adopting a total adaptation and conformity strategy as they are using a foreign producer to manufacture their products (Cunningham, 1986). This is a big move for IBM, which is a multinational technology and consulting corporation with headquarters based in Armonk, New York in the U.S. They produce and market computers, to both businesses and domestic consumers. The manufacture and develop b oth hardware and software, and provides infrastructure, hosting and consulting services in areas covering many divisions from mainframe computers to nanotechnology (Shelly, 2010). Originally IBM had twenty-five 25 research and development (RD) centers in the US, Europe and Asia. However recently it has decided to establish two major research and development centres in Beijing and Shanghai of China. This move has been undertaken to seek to take advantage of the emerging markets and economies in China and to encourage the technology development in an open standard and open source code (hHghbeam.com, 2005).This has brought a number of advantages to IBM due to the low labour costs, the high technological centres which already exist in China and a general reduction in their overheads due to the lower operating costs (Thomson and Sigurdson, 2007). Therefore, this move has been advantageous to them in a number of ways. However, they have also been able to take advantage of entering this new market as their products and services are now being utilized in China too (Engardio, Roberts and Bremner, 2004). To this end, this move has been good for IBM. However, one must also consider that there may be a number of disadvantages for this company in the future such as, the company may not attain full control or management of their business or it may be impossible to recover capital should these new investments in China fail (Lane, 2006). However, to date IBM seems to be reaping the benefits of this move, only time will tell if this has been beneficial overall. 5. Conclusions From the above, we can ascertain that there are a number of market entry strategies, which may be used by firms to seek to enter new international markets. Each of these has a number of positive or negative aspects which must be considered carefully by businesses before they enter new markets as is shown by IBM who have moved their business into China from the United States. References Croft, M. J. (1994), Market segmentation: a step-by-step guide to profitable new business, New York: Routledge. Cunningham, M.T. (1986) â€Å"Strategies for International Industrial Marketing†. In D.W. Turnbull and J.P. Valla (eds.) Croom Helm 1986, Davidson, W. (1982). Global strategic management. New York. Wiley. Dunning, J. H. (1985). Multinational enterprises, economic structure, and international competitiveness. New York. Wiley Engardio, P., Roberts, D. and Bremner, B. (2004) ‘The China Price’, Business Week, 3911, pp. 102. Ferrell, O. C. Hartline, M. D. (2008), Marketing Strategy, Mason: Thomson Higher Education. Glowik, M. Smyczek, S. (2011), International Marketing Management: Strategies, Concepts and Cases in Europe. Germany: Oldenbourg Wissenschafts Verlag GmbH. Griffin, R. W. (2008), Management. 9th edition, Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. Gwartney, J. D., Stroup, R. L., Sobel, R. S. MacPherson, D. (2009), Economics: Private and Public Choice. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Highbeam.com (2005). IBM to Set Up 4 RD Centers in China. [online]: http://business.highbeam.com/436093/article-1G1-129005819/ibm-set-up-4-rd-centers-china Accessed on 08/08/2013 Hira, R. Hira, A. (2008), Outsourcing America: the true cost of shipping jobs overseas and what can be done about it. New York: AMACOM books. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2008), Principles of marketing, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Lane, H. W. (2006), International Management Behavior, Fifth Edition, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. McDonald, F., Burton, F. Dowling, P. (2002). International business. Cincinnati: South Western College Publishers. Meyer, K. E., Estrin, S., Bhaumik, S. K., Peng, M. W. (2009). Institutions, resources, and entry strategies in emerging economies. Strategic management journal, 30(1), 61-80. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H., Swoboda, B. (2010). Decades of research on market entry modes: what do we really know about external antecedents of entry mode choice?. Journal of International Management, 16(1), 60-77. Morsink, R. L. A. (1998), Foreign direct investment and corporate networking: a framework for spatial analysis of investment conditions. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. Porter, M. E. (1980), Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competitor, New York: Free Press Roberts, J. T. Hite, A. (2007), The globalization and development reader: perspectives on development and social change. London: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Schultz, D. E., Robinson, W. A. Petrison, L. (1998) Sales promotion essentials: the 10 basic sales promotion techniques — and how to use them. New York: McGraw – Hill. Inc. Shelly, G. B. (2010). Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World, Complete. Boston, MA: Course Technology Cengage Learning. Smith, T. J. (2011), Pricing Strategy: Setting Price Levels, Managing Price Discounts Establishing Price Structure. Natorp boulevard: South – Western Cengage learning. Thomson, E. Sigurdson, J. (2007), China’s science and technology sector and the forces of globalization. London: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. Williamson, O. E. 1975. Markets and hierarchies – analysis and antitrust implications. New York: The Free Press Williamson, O. E. 1985. The economic institutions of capitalism: firms, markets, relational contracting. New York: The Free Press How to cite Management Principles: Market Entry Strategies Report, Essay examples

Mount Adams Essays - Volcanology, Plate Tectonics,

Mount Adams Mount Adams is one of the largest volcanoes in the Cascade Range, it is way bigger then any of the surrounding mountains. Mount Adams has been less active during the past few thousand years than its neighboring mountains of St. Helens, Rainier, and Mt. Hood, it will erupt again. In the future the eruptions will probably happen more often from vents on the summit and upper sides of Mount Adams than from vents scattered in the volcanic fields beyond. Large landslides and lahars that don't need to be related to eruptions probably will cause the most destructive, far-reaching hazard of Mount Adams. Volcanoes create a variety of geologic hazards during eruptions and when there isn't any eruptive activity. During most of its history Mount Adams has shown a limited range of eruptive styles only being lava flows, debris slides, and tephra falls. Very explosive eruptions have been rare. Compared to the large explosive eruptions at nearby Mount St. Helens during the past 20,000 years, the eruptions of Mount Adams have been very mild. Eruptions at Mount St. Helens have covered areas more than 120 miles downwind with ash deposits several centimeters or inches thick, but those at Mount Adams have blanketed only areas a few miles away with a the same thickness of ash. Even though they're low levels of power and force, eruptions at Mount Adams are still very hazardous. More importantly even during times of no eruptive activity, landslides of weakened rock that originate on the steep upper sides of Mount Adams have been a dangerous common thing and they can start lahars, which are watery flows of volcanic rocks and mud that surge downstream like rapid flowing concrete. Lahars also known as mudflows or debris flows and they can destroy and kill everything in the valley floors that they run down in to tens of miles from the volcano. The most often occurring type of eruption that has happened at Mount Adams, as well as in the other volcanic areas, produces lava flows, or streams of molten rock. These and older lava flows usualy traveled less than 12 miles from the vents, but in some events larger flows where as long as 15 to 30 miles. Typical lava flows on the lower sections of the mountain and other places in the volcanic fields spread out onto gentle slopes and funneled out into valleys. The moving flows were tens of feet to more than 100 feet thick and where made up of crusty lava blocks covering a more fluidish, liquid core. Their steep fronts moved very slowly at about only about 330 feet per hour. That's much more slowly than people typically walk. Still, the lava flows will bury, crush, and burn all structures in their paths, and hot lava boulders coming off flows make it very dangers to on lookers and the also will start forest fires. A normal eruption consists of one main single lava flow over a period of days or weeks and even of a sequence of flows erupted over weeks to a few years. Eruptions that keep happening over years to decades build a broad apron of lava flows on a side of a mountain or even build a separate small volcano several 1,000 feet 6 miles or more in diameter. There is a very large possibility of Mt. Adams erupting again very soon because it has been a long time since the last time it awoke. The people and businesses in the area need to be aware and cautious of the risk they are in by living and working near the mountain like as it is with any other volcano. This mountain also provides a great place for hiking, biking, skiing, and many other things that would be ruined if this mountain was to awake. It is a very scenic beautiful mountain that has the potential to do what Helens has done.